Visit us at CapitalLinguists.com
Call 24 x 7: (612) 817-7744 Email: info@CapitalLinguists.com Speaker Guidelines for Using an Interpreter Capital Linguists-certified interpreters make speaking with an interpreter easy, and communication seamless. Take a moment to review these guidelines and avoid common pitfalls of international conference communication! Written Materials A well-prepared interpreter can really help you make your point in another language! Interpreters prefer to over-prepare. Any advance material you can give them will help them interpret all terms, including industry jargon, seamlessly. Be sure to email the conference materials you plan to use, such as your talking points and company info or website, well ahead of time. Speak Naturally There is no need to alter your normal pattern of speech. Your interpreter is trained to work at a quick pace. To ensure complete communication, speak clearly without hurrying. Use clear pronunciation so the interpreter can get your message across. Figures of Speech May Land With a Thud Never hesitate to use industry-related terms that your audience should be familiar with. But please use simple, concise language that is easily translatable. The figures of speech we use as daily short cuts may not translate well into the target language. Though the interpreter understands them, translating them accurately and completely can distract from your intended meaning. Allow More Time for Interpretation Find an easy rhythm, pausing briefly between sentences or complete thoughts. Keep the pace comfortable and steady so the interpreter can easily make your points. Have Participant Materials Translated Help participants get up to speed with handouts in their own language. The conference organizer can help you get them translated. Relax! Relax and let the professional audio techs handle all technical issues. Throughout the event, Capital Linguists’ technicians will be onsite to monitor and ensure proper functionality of the interpreting equipment. It is a must that all events utilizing conference interpreting equipment have at least one technician present at all times. Be Prepared for a Busy Interpreting Season with Capital LinguistsVisit us at CapitalLinguists.com Call 24 x 7: (612) 817-7744 Email: info@CapitalLinguists.com Overseas Conference Services ● 24 x 7 ● Logistics Fast Service ● Streamlined Translation Process Fall is our busiest season at Capital Linguists! We look forward to meeting our clients again and to making new customers happy, like Susan T., who wrote: “Thanks for all your hard work on behalf of our organization. You found interpreter-experts in the field of economics, which is not easy to do on short notice! Despite my late-night international calls and needed tweaks to our interpreter team for a multi-day conference, your Project Manager was always 100% professional. I really appreciate that, and look forward to working with you again next year.” Be Prepared for a Busy Fall Season September and October are the busiest months for Capital Linguists, and our linguists are in high demand, so call early to reserve the best interpreters and translators. Events like the UN General Assembly and the return to office and academia create extra demand for interpreters. Translation Internationally based businesses and organizations generate a lot of documents to be translated, such as contracts, user manuals and documents for regulatory compliance. Capital Linguists provides translation for all major languages and language pairs. Multi-language documentation demonstrates the prestige of your organization and increases your reach internationally. Our Raison d’Être: a Focus on Value and Service In 2015, Philip Rosen, together with a small group of high-level interpreters and translators decided to use their unique expertise and connections to build an elite team of linguists. Recruiting only the “best of the best” personnel, they established Capital Linguists, an elite interpreting force, ready to meet all of your interpreting and translation needs with the utmost of professionalism and discretion. Meeting and Exceeding Quality Standards Our difference is the dedication each of our linguists has to his or her craft. All of our interpreters hold advanced degrees in their field and undergo specific interpreter training. But what really makes them the “crème de la crème,” is their life-long experience. This experience brings with it high professionalism and a depth and breadth of subject matter knowledge. Here’s How We Deliver Your Important Message- in Another Language! Capital Linguists provides transcription and voiceovers for audio and video files, but our main focus is large document translation and large conference interpreting in the US or overseas. Technical Assistance When you choose Capital Linguists to source interpreters for your event, we’ll provide the right team and so much more! Our Project Managers assist with planning as well. They will:
Depth of Rolodex We stay in touch with the most elite interpreters in the country, so obtaining the best interpreters or interpreter combination for your conference or meeting is just part of our job. How We Vet Our Interpreters When Selecting an Interpreter, Your Capital Linguists Project Manager screens for:
What We Need to Know From You The following information is required to optimize interpreter logistics and budget:
Thank you for choosing Capital Linguists…”When Success Depends on Every Word!”™ Visit us at CapitalLinguists.com
Call 24 x 7: (612) 817-7744 Email: info@CapitalLinguists.com Overseas Conference Services ● 24 x 7 ● Logistics Fast Service ● Streamlined Translation Process A teasing email subject line, "What Do Brazil and Vietnam Have in Common?", and you can also see from the in-box that it starts out "What Most People Don't Know..." I created the graphic for this one too.
[My blogs for Capital Linguists incorporate all the basic keywords used on their website.]
-Use a Good Translator to Avoid Troubles Down the Road When doing business with a foreign company or foreign customers, communication takes on special importance. The way we leverage translation can make or break relationships and give us a competitive advantage. Consider how much effort you’ve put into your special project or event. Can you really risk it being wasted by a shoddy presentation in the target language? What about liability? We work hard putting together documents and projects like intellectual property documents, press releases, statements by CEOs, and important conferences for international audiences. In order to bring your product or service to an international audience, a great translation or interpreter is the final but essential step, like icing on a cake! For those of us who only understand our own language, translation is about trust. We don’t know how our translated project is going to appear to our readers, since we do not speak Japanese. We assume our message is being brought across, but is it really? We won’t know until later, when we find out our message has succeeded or failed to reach the target audience. Use a Good Translator Imagine how difficult it is, translating into the most complicated writing system in the world! Written Japanese uses four writing systems at once. There are one-word characters borrowed from the Chinese, called kanji. There are two syllabic alphabets(each letter is a syllable), called hiragana for Japanese grammatical elements not found in Chinese, and katakana to spell out foreign words and names, syllable by syllable. In addition, Romanized letters are occasionally mixed in, and all of these could appear in the same sentence! Frustratingly, we can’t really see into the other language. We must rely on good translators to represent us in a positive light, and a good translator understands the impact of his or her words. They know a lot is riding on your translation. It could be the way to close a deal, expand your global reach, or prevail in court. A professional translation hits the right tone, it is accurate, and it comes in on time. An Interpreter Gets Your Message Across in Person Japanese interpreting, person to person (as opposed to translation, which is written) takes into account the formality and local dialect of each side. It should not be left to amateurs. An interpreter comes to your location, sometimes along with a technician if interpreting equipment is needed for your large group or event. Never leave important communication to chance! There are ways to save money Depending on the translator or translation agency, translation quality can vary a lot, and with it price. When choosing a translation company, consider what is at stake. If the piece to be translated is important, in other words if large numbers of customers or partners will be reading it, then the translation needs to be top-notch. At Capital Linguists we offer two choices: simple translation, or for publication, the T.E.P- translation, editing and proofreading. T.E.P. translation requires a two person team to check each other’s work for perfection of tone and word choice. Simple translation is a great way to save money, but it should be reserved for incoming foreign documents. Anything for publication or to “impress” must go through the T. E. P. process. The more people who will be viewing your project, and the more profit or loss is at stake, the better the translation had better be. The very best translators can deliver the correct tone for your project into the target language. A big, image piece, for example, promotional material like an advertisement or brochure requires an appropriate boldness, without being boring or too casual. Save Headaches with a Reputable Agency Trying to shepherd a large translation project to publication could be a major headache for a busy organization. A big project requires the expertise of a reputable translation agency to assure that no detail of the finished project is missed. Generally, an agency has translators work toward their native tongue, to assure the correct tone and grammar. A great agency knows that for legal documents, a subtle understanding of legal terms in both the source and target language are essential. Even after translation has been completed, silly errors can sneak in. Too often have we seen, in the process of publication, a well-meaning professional “correcting” a document unnecessarily. We remember the famous German company that corrected a translation into English from headquarters to headquarter because “there is only one.” For that reason it is critical for a sophisticated native speaker to review the pre-publication draft. Their comments should be transmitted in writing; we in the translation business know that translation corrections made by phone can often make things worse! Avoid the Hazards of Amateur Interpreting Can I use a bilingual on my staff to translate? Just because your employee often closes deals in a foreign language, does not mean they should be doing your translations as well. Interpreters are trained to know things that even a seasoned bilingual may not know. Conversing in and translating into a foreign language are two completely different skills. Unless your staff is a native speaker of Japanese, their translation will have a foreign “accent.” We may not be able to tell when a translation has taken an inappropriate turn, but our reading audience certainly can! If an unprofessional mistake has been made it could lead to of fense or amusement at the expense of the reputation and image of our company. In the case of legal translations, it is essential to use a translator who knows their way around both English and (in this case) Japanese legal terms and conditions. Translation is About Trust For those of us who only understand our own language, translation is about trust. Use the trusted name in Japanese translation, Capital Linguists. Give us a call to discuss your project so we can get you on our schedule. This email newsletter celebrated both the New Year and the new website launch. It projected Capital Linguists as experts at localization and servicing international conferences. [My blogs for Capital Linguists incorporate all the basic keywords used on their website.]
The world seems to revolve around tea these days, and who would know this better than a Chinese translator or Chinese interpreter? After a busy season of document translation and simultaneous translating, our personnel like to take a break from interpreting. Agencies like Capital Linguists know the value of rest and relaxation for their staff. After a decent break, they return to the interpreters’ service fresher and more professional than ever! We found returning interpreters and translators, whether our Korean interpreter, our Japanese translation team or the Chinese translators working on our certified translation service team, were regaling us with tales of “tea tourism.” Lately, we’ve been hearing about trips to visit tea growing locations around the world, especially to Japanese, Korean and Chinese plantations. Tea tourism ranges from super luxury- staying in a former plantation house that has been restored to its colonial glory- to village home stays for a first-hand experience of local culture. For anyone who loves tea, the stays are a memorable experience. Visitors get to try some of the best tea in the world and participate in a wide variety of activities, such as visiting tea gardens to pick and make tea, tea plant biology symposiums, tea factory tours, encounters with experts on tea ceremonies and tea trade, and touring urban tea markets. Seeing the process of making tea is unforgettable! The workers pick no more than two or three leaves at a time, working throughout the day. Then the leaves are brought back from the field for processing, to be withered, rolled, dried, sorted and packaged. And of course, everyone brings home souvenir packages of tea! There is something magical, marvelous and mysterious about visiting the location of a tea plantation. Always far from the hustle and bustle of the cities and towns, they are wind-swept and misty. Some tea plantations are situated to offer hiking, wildlife viewing, fishing, traditional dancing, golf, and tennis. And all in a setting of transcendent views of nature and the surrounding countryside. Some translators perform remote document translation services while living in or near a tea plantation. They ride into the nearest telephone shop to transmit their work to the translation company. But there is no translation agency that would refuse the quality of their work. Taiwan Taiwan (or Formosa) is revered for its Oolong teas. Due to the climate and elevation of the tea farms, Taiwan produces some of the world’s finest Dark and Green Oolongs. There are various levels of fermentation depending on the plantation and the tea is classified according to the degree of fermentation. Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, is located in the tropics, and the high humidity and altitude on the island are ideal for growing tea. The highest plantation in the world is located in Taiwan at 8038 feet above sea level. The Wu wo ceremony is an authentic Taiwanese tea ceremony, different from those in Japan or China. Wu Wo means “without oneself.” The tea ceremony establishes community, understanding, and friendship as the participants prepare tea for each other. China The entire variety of non-Chinese tea is still less than that of the Chinese. Interpreting the many flavors of Chinese tea and tea culture could take a lifetime! China produces 35% of the tea produced throughout the world. China has so many different climates and they’ve been cultivating tea for 4,000 years. Depending on the location and method of processing, tea in China can be categorized into five broad types – green tea, black tea, white tea, oolong tea, and post-fermented tea. When in China, be sure to visit one of the great tea markets, each with hundreds of shops selling all kinds of tea and tea making equipment. Try Maliandao in Beijing, the Jinan wholesale tea market in Shandong Province, or the Yunnan tea wholesale market in Kunming. North Korea North Korea grows green teas, which are harvested in spring. Originally farmed at the temples and the royal court, tea began to grow wild in Jeolla and Gyeongsang provinces. Wild tea has been cultivated in Korea as far back as 350BC, while green tea was introduced from China after 600 AD by Korean monks who had gone to study sacred Buddhist texts in China. Tea was closely linked to the spread of Buddhism in Korea, just as it was in Japan. One of the Korean tea attractions is the Korean Tea Culture Park with its outdoor stage, shaped like a green tea leaf for the Boseong Tea Festival. Japan More than 98% of all tea produced in Japan stays in Japan. They are famous for their green tea, which is steamed instead of roasted, giving it a strong “Green Tea” flavor. Japanese teas are unique because the tea is a bit brothy tasting. Wazuka is a small town in Japan, home to 300 tea growing families, many offering a tea internship to foreigners. This was the first place that tea was grown in Japan after been introduced from China more than 800 years ago. They use industrial devices mimicking traditional sun-drying and hand-rolling. Shizuoka City Essential to the Shizuoka City experience is:
Tea Ceremony Experience with Kimono Rental At Kyoto Concierge Salon, experience the Japanese tea ceremony preparing and serving Matcha along with traditional sweets. The cost is 3,000 yen per person, or $27. To experience the workshop while wearing a borrowed kimono, simply add 1,500 yen or $13. The United States The US League of Tea Growers was formed in 2013, and viable tea plantations are now found all across the USA, in South Carolina, Alabama, Washington, and Oregon, plus a collective of roughly 40 small growers in Hawaii. There are also several farms in the process of being developed in the states of South Carolina, Mississippi, New York, Texas, and Idaho. Conclusion An observer of visitors to China said “Foreigners have difficulty understanding the delicate taste of Xian (savory) and Huigan (sweetness) in tea. We Chinese prefer the traditional aspect of relaxing and drinking tea. We don’t need to hike or pick leaves!” Targeted Japanese translations market by emphasizing expertise Japanese legal matters and translation. A case study for translation in any language. [My blogs for Capital Linguists incorporate all the basic keywords used on their website.]
Capital Linguists specializes in complex legal translations for Japanese clients, and for clients doing business with the Japanese. “Intellectual property rights is one of our specialties. We’ve got it down to a science. Our translators are well trained and diligent and, working in teams, they cross-verify all our translations. I’m very proud of the result.” said Capital Linguists’ Managing Director, Phillip Rosen. Japanese Translation - Japanese Interpretation Our seasoned staff of Japanese interpreters and Japanese translators are the best available in the United States. They’ve interpreted for American presidents, Japanese dignitaries, at every level of U.S.-Japanese contact, and in all sectors. Our Japanese translation team specializes in legal documents. We streamline conference interpreting too, delivering an interpreting booth and interpreter consoles for conference interpreters, and tabletop microphones and headsets/receivers for all participants. How to Prevent Intellectual Property Rights Legal Headaches The National Research Council (U.S.) on Japan made a study of intellectual property rights (IPR) cases in Japan and the United States. They attributed failed cases of intellectual property rights claims in Japan to carelessly translated patent documents. International patents must be translated carefully, and only the best Japanese translation is acceptable. When a short cut is taken on a patent translation, the cost is tremendous, both in terms of dollars and time lost in litigation. This kind of expense could be avoided by using only the most highly qualified and experienced translators. International patent attorneys agree that correctly translated patents, as well as patenting likely modifications to the product (within 18 months) is the correct way to protect novel products. The Japan Patent Office (JPO) follows the Japanese patent translation to the letter so only top-notch translations can prevail in court. “Some point to examples of U.S. firms that have submitted poor translations, have not enlisted the best available legal representation, and have failed to understand and utilize the Japanese patent system effectively, to argue that in many cases problems are due to their own lack of effort.” said the same report. Given the need for expert representation in Japan, many U.S. companies form partnerships in Japan in order to compete in Japanese markets. Japanese companies are also increasingly forming partnerships in order to operate in the U.S. New: Streamlined International Patent Search In the past many Japanese patent attorneys were no more than patent clerks. Nowadays, there are many reputable patent attorneys in Japan. It is essential to have the best representation in the Japanese courts. And great strides have been made in the transparency and speed of international patent applications in Japan. On November 1, 2017 the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO or PTO) in partnership with Japan and South Korea, launched the Collaborative Search Pilot Program (CSP) to allow patent applications to be filed and checked simultaneously in the U.S., Japanese and South Korean patent offices. The service is free and popular. It streamlines the process of international patent application by prioritizing the patent application in all three countries. This means the necessary patent research is performed simultaneously in all three countries. The application result can turn around in as little as eight to nine months. Best of all, in Japan, where “first action” to patent is the rule of law, these patent applications preempt all other applications. Interpreting Japanese Intellectual Property Rights Most cases concerned with intellectual property rights litigation are in biotechnology or pharmaceuticals, and the National Research Council on Japan study highlighted a contrast between the attitudes of American and Japanese courts when it comes to intellectual property rights. In Japan, unless the patented substance is very carefully patented, small changes in the molecular structure could allow another company to enter the market and compete against an already patented substance. In the U.S. there are greater protections, and the courts look broadly at the functionality and general makeup of a patented substance, whether a drug or biotech patent. The original patent still protects the owner from a small molecular change because the court views it as the same substance over all, with only a nominal change. In Japan, the courts are more favorable to competition between very similar patents, allowing a second company to infringe on an existing, patented product with only a small change. To inexperienced or careless partners, this could lead to problems. Likely modifications must be anticipated and included in the patent. Interpreting Japanese Investment in the U.S. On July 9, 2018 Japanese conglomerates Mitsui and Kirin announced their intention to jointly acquire 80% of the U.S. company, Thorne Supplements by October 2018. In a large, international deal like this there are many benefits, but risks as well, and a lot goes on behind the scenes. The contracts and patents are negotiated with the help of Japanese interpreters and then drafted by legal experts. Japanese translation of the documents is the most crucial step because these legal documents must withstand the scrutiny of the U.S. and Japanese court systems in an intellectual property rights litigation. Investment in U.S. pharmaceuticals has long been a strategy of Japanese companies because pharmaceutical regulations in Japan are not favorable to their growth. The Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate, and U.S. prohibitions against large companies merging and forming monopolies, make a good atmosphere for Japanese investment in U.S. pharmaceuticals. Another entrée to the intellectual property realm by Japanese companies is to sponsor research in the U.S. The strategy is to form a long term relationship with the U.S. institution. They may contract with a university or research hospital, or even a private research firm, to have a Japanese researcher take a sabbatical in an American organization. Generally, the U.S. institution’s right to any intellectual property developed is protected, and the right to distribute any new patented product in Japan is given to the sponsor. The long relationship between the U.S. and Japan is a valuable and successful one! Banzai (Hooray) ! [My blogs for Capital Linguists incorporate all the basic keywords used on their website.]
In 2018 many groups from Japan will visit Washington DC., the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles(L.A.), New York and Boston. When they do, Capital Linguists will be there to communicate with them seamlessly, including interpretation, translation, simultaneous interpreting, conference interpreting and booth interpreting. Capital Linguists holds the key to unlock this noble and very important country. We are the country-expert on all things Japanese, from the Olympics and baseball to the deep and lasting friendship between our two nations. Call 612-817-7744. Royal Wedding The recent royal wedding of Britain’s Prince Harry to Princess Meghan Markle, an American divorcee, has highlighted the Japanese resistance to change. The Japanese people, and members of the imperial family, worry that their unique sense of national culture and identity could be threatened if imperial traditions are dramatically changed. Established in 650 B.C., the imperial family has always enforced Japanese cultural norms. A sense of pride in being Japanese means that social change is reluctantly considered before being adopted, with the Imperial family last to adopt it. Before the end of World War II, the Emperor was a godlike figure in Japan, removed from his subjects. When Emperor Hirohito announced Japan’s surrender over the radio on August 15, 1945, it was the first time the people had heard his voice. Despite a strictly ceremonial role, Emperor Akihito, Hirohito’s eldest son, is a respected and popular figure. In 1959, he became the first crown prince to marry a commoner, now Empress Michiko. At the time there was such a controversy that it was felt Japan’s monarchy had failed in its public relations strategy. Since then, the Japanese imperial family has worked to gain more sympathy from the Japanese people and less emotional separation. Japan’s monarchy has become more casual in recent years and the criteria for screening potential spouses has become less and less strict. No foreigner has married into the imperial family since the year 780, when a Korean noblewoman wed the Emperor. Queen Elizabeth II’s blessing of Harry and Meghan highlights the conservatism of the world’s oldest monarchy. In Japan, a foreign divorcee would not be a candidate to marry an imperial prince. Royal Abdication The emperor, now age 83, said last year that he planned to step down before his death, and the Imperial Council ruled in December 2017 that the Emperor would be allowed to abdicate in April 2019. Save time and money by having all business contracts translated by one of Capital Linguists’ country experts. Whether English to Japanese translation, or Japanese to English translation, our experienced professionals help you do business with Japan. Call 612-817-7744. National Pastime A great source of modern Japanese pride and identity is their baseball culture. The Japanese have been playing baseball since 1936, but the sport took off after World War II. In Japan, there are a dozen competing daily sports newspapers! There is a considerable talent drain to the U.S. and Japanese ballplayers have been appearing continuously in United States Major League Baseball (MLB) since Hideo Nomo, the great pitcher, started with the Dodgers in the Spring of 1995. Japanese players in the major leagues are a great source of national pride for Japanese fans. The legendary Japanese hitter Ichiro, in semi-retirement with the Seattle Seahawks, complained about the daily scrutiny he received from Japanese journalists, even in America. “What I like most about America is the individual freedom of being able to move around without people following me,” Suzuki said. “In America, people respect your space.” The Japanese journalists must cover the minutia of each play and every practice for their readers. His American teammates called him the Japanese Elvis. Initially, Japanese ballplayers were an oddity for American fans, but after the careers of the famous Japanese pitcher Nomo and the legendary batter Ichiru, the American public is more blaze about Japanese players. But no more. There is a new Japanese player in the headlines, and a favorite to be the 2018 U.S. rookie of the year. For Shohei Ohtani’s pitching debut, the Oakland A’s issued 240 media credentials to Japanese media alone. Pitching with his right arm and batting with his left, he could be the first great two-way player (pitcher and hitter) in the majors since the legendary Babe Ruth for Boston. On his very first outing as a pitcher for the L.A. Angels on April first, the 23-year-old struck out six batters in six innings while allowing three runs, to pick up his first MLB win. He has all the skills necessary to become one of the most unhittable pitchers in baseball. Because of his rare combination of pitching and hitting prowess, he is nicknamed the “Japanese Babe Ruth.” His pitch reached 101 mph, the fastest this season. As a batter, his batted balls already fly further than some of the best major leaguers. No one since Babe Ruth in 1921 has won a game as a starting pitcher and then hit a first-inning home run two days later. When he is not pitching near perfect games he is the designated hitter, whose job it is to hit a home run when the bases are loaded. The other teams will look at him with fear and awe this season. To facilitate access to the work of American and Japanese sports organizations, Capital Linguists Japanese translation services and Japanese document translation are key. Our country experts will translate your message into Japanese and allow you to monitor projects and reports in Japanese. Our Japanese translators and Japanese interpreters are experienced, prompt and professional. Contact us immediately 612-817-7744. 2020 Olympics The Japanese passion for the sport is not limited to baseball. The 2020 Summer Olympic games will be held in Tokyo, July 24 to Aug. 9. So great is the passion for the sport that people cheered when they heard the news, and television announcers held back tears of joy as they read the news on air. Completed in November 2017, the Musashino Forest Sports Plaza is the first of eight new buildings planned for the games. It will host badminton, modern fencing and the Paralympic Games basketball competition. The high tech campus will provide a swimming pool, gym and fitness studios for use by the general public, and will be powered by solar energy. To fight the 95oC heat, the sidewalks are coated with a special material to keep spectators cool as they walk around the grounds. Lots of trees will be planted as well, to keep everyone cool. For open water competition on Odaiba Bay, the Japanese Olympic committee will be using underwater filters to keep the water clean for Olympic swimmers. In April 2018 a pair of mascots for the games were revealed, wearing traditional dress and possessing superpowers. Japanese school children chose one for the general Olympic Games and one for the Paralympics. The new mascots are already very popular in Japan, the land of anime characters. We at Capital Linguists support the great friendship with Japan. We have Japanese simultaneous interpreters to provide Japanese simultaneous interpreting and everything you need for Japanese conference interpreting, including interpreting equipment and interpreting booths. Call us at 612-817-7744 to make your event a seamless meeting of the minds between the United States and Japan! |
AuthorMy name is Becky Redfield and I write all kinds of content for Business to Business services and products. I specialize in webpage reviews and rewrites, ghost write blogs, and edit newsletters for companies. My page presents the services I provided to my client Capital Linguists, plus a bonus page with a narrated slide show I made from my hobby, batik. I hope you will take a look and give me a call or send an email to discuss your web content, blog and newsletter needs! Archives
April 2020
Categories |